As cells age and experience stress, they generate Nitric Oxide (NO), which can interfere with oxygen utilization in the respiratory process—the conversion of blood sugar into cellular energy. This occurs because NO competes with oxygen and obstructs the receptor sites where oxygen normally binds. 

Maintaining a diet abundant in antioxidants and ensuring sufficient rest helps the body effectively regulate excess Nitric Oxide. 

However, when the body is under significant stress, it may struggle to eliminate Nitric Oxide at the same rate it's produced, leading to its accumulation. This buildup of NO results in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), initiating oxidative stress. 

ROS are harmful molecules that trigger inflammation, cell death, and the activation of genes associated with various diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, and osteoarthritis.

Fortunately, the absorption of red and near-infrared (IR) light by a mitochondrial protein called Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO) can reverse this process. 

When light interacts with CcO, it dissociates NO from the protein, restoring normal oxygen transport within mitochondria. This restoration enables cells to function optimally, leading to increased ATP (energy) production and a host of other positive intracellular responses. Improved recovery, energy levels, and overall strength benefit all eleven major organ systems as a result of this downstream effect.